Basic Installation
==================
For more information specific to this package, please read the README
file. This source code distribution is autoconfiguring and you should be
able to compile it and install it without manual interventions such as
editing Makefiles, configuration files, and so on. These are generic
instructions for people who are not familiar with installing autoconfiguring
software.
The simplest way to compile this package is to enter the source code
main directory and do the following:
1. Configure the source code by typing:
% sh ./configure
If you're planning to install the package into your home directory
or to a location other than `/usr/local' then add the flag
`--prefix=PATH' to `configure'. For example, if your home directory
is `/home/luser' you can configure the package to install itself there
by invoking:
% sh ./configure --prefix=/home/luser
While running, `configure' prints some messages telling which
features is it checking for.
2. Compile the package by typing:
% make
Running `make' takes a while. If this is a very large package, now
is the time to go make some coffee.
3. Some packages are bundled with self-tests for source-code
verification. If this package includes such tests, you can
optionally run them after compilation by typing
% make check
4. Type `make install' to install the programs and any data files and
documentation. Type `make uninstall' to undo the installation.
During installation, the following files go to the following directories:
Executables -> /prefix/bin
Libraries -> /prefix/lib
Public header files -> /prefix/include
Man pages -> /prefix/man/man?
Info files -> /prefix/info
where `prefix' is either `/usr/local' or the PATH that you specified
in the `--prefix' flag.
If any of these directories do not presently exist, they will be
created on demand.
If you are installing in your home directory make sure that
`/home/luser/bin' is in your path. If you're using the bash shell
add this line at the end of your .cshrc file:
PATH="/home/luser/bin:${PATH}"
export PATH
If you are using csh or tcsh, then use this line instead:
setenv PATH /home/luser/bin:${PATH}
By prepending your home directory to the rest of the PATH you can
override systemwide installed software with your own custom installation.
5. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the
source code directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the
files that `configure' created (so you can compile the package for
a different kind of computer), type `make distclean'.
Compiler configuration
======================
The `configure' shell script is responsible for choosing and configuring
the compiler(s).
The following options allow you to specify whether you
want to enable or disable various debugging mechanisms:
`--with-warnings'
Make the compilers very picky about warnings. Try this whenever you
write new code since it may catch a few bugs. This is not active by
default because all too often warnings can be too picky and scare
the end-user.
`--disable-assert'
Compile without using assertions. This results in faster code,
but should not be used during developerment, or to run `make check'
which depends on assertions. It should only be used for production
runs on code that you believe is bug free.
All programs are compiled with optimization level 2 by default (-O2).
Occasionally that confuses the debugger when code is inlined. To disable
optimization and enable debugging, set the shell environment variables
CFLAGS, CXXFLAGS, FFLAGS to `-g'. On the bash shell, you can do this
like this:
$ export CFLAGS="-g"
$ export CXXFLAGS="-g"
$ export FFLAGS="-g"
On the tcsh shell, use the `setenv' command instead:
% setenv CFLAGS "-g"
...etc...
For other shell, please consult your shell's documentation.
Similarly, you can increase the optimization level by assigning these
variables to "-g -O3".
The following options allow you to reconsider the `configure' shell script's
choice of Fortran compilers.
`--with-f2c'
Compile the Fortran code by translating it to C, even if a native
Fortran compiler is available. A copy of the f2c translator should be
bundled in the distribution. It will be compiled and then used to
compile your Fortran code.
`--with-g77'
Compile the Fortran code with g77 even if a proprietary Fortran
compiler is available
`--with-f77=F77'
Compile the Fortran code with the specified Fortran compiler.
Depending on what languages the package uses, some of these options may
or may not be available. To see what is available, type:
% sh ./configure --help
About the configure script
==========================
The `configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for
various system-dependent variables used during compilation. It uses
those values to create a `Makefile' in each directory of the package.
It may also create one or more `.h' files containing system-dependent
definitions. Finally, it creates a shell script `config.status' that
you can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, a file
`config.cache' that saves the results of its tests to speed up
reconfiguring, and a file `config.log' containing compiler output
(useful mainly for debugging `configure').
If you need to do unusual things to compile the package, please try
to figure out how `configure' could check whether to do them, and mail
diffs or instructions to the address given in the `README' so they can
be considered for the next release. If at some point `config.cache'
contains results you don't want to keep, you may remove or edit it.
The file `configure.in' is used to create `configure' by a program
called `autoconf'. You only need `configure.in' if you want to change
it or regenerate `configure' using a newer version of `autoconf'.
Advanced installation options.
==============================
The `configure' script also understands the following more advanced
options, to handle situations for which `--prefix' alone is not sufficient.
You can specify separate installation prefixes for
architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files. If you
give `configure' the option `--exec-prefix=PATH', the package will use
PATH as the prefix for installing programs and libraries.
Documentation and other data files will still use the regular prefix.
In addition, if you use an unusual directory layout you can give
options like `--bindir=PATH' to specify different values for particular
kinds of files. Run `configure --help' for a list of the directories
you can set and what kinds of files go in them.
If the package supports it, you can cause programs to be installed
with an extra prefix or suffix on their names by giving `configure' the
option `--program-prefix=PREFIX' or `--program-suffix=SUFFIX'.
Optional Features
=================
Some packages pay attention to `--enable-FEATURE' options to
`configure', where FEATURE indicates an optional part of the package.
They may also pay attention to `--with-PACKAGE' options, where PACKAGE
is something like `gnu-as' or `x' (for the X Window System). The
`README' should mention any `--enable-' and `--with-' options that the
package recognizes.
For packages that use the X Window System, `configure' can usually
find the X include and library files automatically, but if it doesn't,
you can use the `configure' options `--x-includes=DIR' and
`--x-libraries=DIR' to specify their locations |
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发表于 2005-9-19 11:32:03
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